PubMed Central, : RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2011 April; 2(2): e0039. ISSN: 2076-9172Published online 2011 April 30. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10039.

Non-physical causes	Physical causes
Electrolyte abnormalities Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia Alcohol, drugs, and toxins Regular and illegal drugs Toxins (snake and insect venoms, fish toxins) Infections and infestations Infections localized to muscles (pyomyositis) Metastatic infections (sepsis) Other bacterial and viral infections Metabolic myopathies Myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle disease) Other enzymatic defects Endocrine disorders Hypothyroidism, diabetic coma Disseminated intravascular coagulation Polymyositis, dermatomyositis	Trauma and/or compression of the muscles Natural and man-made disasters, traffic or working accidents, torture, beating, long-term confinement to the same position Occlusion or hypoperfusion of the muscular vessels Thrombosis, embolism, vessel clamping, shock Electrical current High-voltage electrical injury Cardioversion Hyperthermia High ambient temperatures Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Malignant hyperthermia, sepsis Strainful exercise Exercise, delirium tremens, epilepsy

Non-physical causes

Physical causes

Electrolyte abnormalities

Alcohol, drugs, and toxins

Infections and infestations

Metabolic myopathies

Endocrine disorders

Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Polymyositis, dermatomyositis

Trauma and/or compression of the muscles

Natural and man-made disasters, traffic or working accidents, torture, beating, long-term confinement to the same position

Occlusion or hypoperfusion of the muscular vessels

Electrical current

Hyperthermia

Strainful exercise