Our model.

Patient values, patient autonomy, and patient knowledge are the three axes in our model, emphasizing both their independence and interaction. Included also is the “Emanuel and Emanuel Reduced Axis,” which implies a mutual variability with patient autonomy and values, and plotted examples (A, B, C, D) highlighting the necessity of stepping away from the simplifications implied by past models. See text for details. A and B: The same as in Figure 2; C: patients may be selectively well-informed about specific diseases; D: Highly informed patient such as a physician.