Among a large, diverse population of adults from Kaiser Permanente Renal Registry, a reduced estimated GFR was associated with increased risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization that were independent of known risk factors, a history of cardiovascular disease, and the presence of documented proteinuria. These graded risks of adverse events rose sharply for subjects with an estimated GFR of <45 mL per minute per 1.73 m² for each outcome examined both in the overall cohort and in subgroup analyses. Furthermore, in this cohort as a whole, the absolute rates of these outcomes were considerably higher than the risk of end-stage renal disease.

From Go AS et al.⁴³ Copyright ©2004, Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission from Massachusetts Medical Society.