Patient Characteristics.
Patient Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Arabs (n=80) | Jews (n=119) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 12.34±4.28 | 13.30±5.06 | 0.162 |
| Gender (males) | 51 (63.8%) | 64 (53.8%) | 0.163 |
| Number of children in the family | 3.73±1.49 | 2.87±1.23 | <0.001 |
| Fathers with academic education | 9 (15.0%) | 39 (60.9%) | <0.001 |
| Mothers with academic education | 13 (21.7%) | 37 (55.2%) | <0.001 |
| At least one parent with academic education | 15 (25.0%) | 45 (66.2%) | <0.001 |
| Parents’ income (NIS) | 5129±918 | 7869±2028 | <0.001 |
| Risk factors for diabetes and co-morbidity | |||
| Diabetes in first-degree relatives | 7 (8.8%) | 12 (10.1%) | 0.754 |
| Diabetes in first- and second-degree relatives | 53 (66.3%) | 47 (39.5%) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 20.03±4.21 | 20.01±3.49 | 0.980 |
| Hypothyroidism and celiac disease | 6 (7.5%) | 6 (5.0%) | 0.475 |
| Disease parameters | |||
| Age at diagnosis of diabetes (years) | 8.98±4.31 | 10.08±4.84 | 0.102 |
| Duration of T1DM (years) | 3.49±1.90 | 3.44±2.63 | 0.900 |
| Ketoacidosis at diagnosis of T1DM | 26 (33.3%) | 33 (27.7%) | 0.401 |
| Use of multiple daily injections | 39 (48.8%) | 55 (46.2%) | 0.726 |
| Use of insulin pump | 40 (51.2%) | 64 (53.8%) | 0.601 |
| Use of continuous glucose monitoring | 11 (13.8%) | 24 (20.2%) | 0.244 |
| Number of glucose self-tests per day | 4.07±1.59 | 5.00±3.51 | 0.013 |
| Outcome | |||
| HbA1c (% [mmol/L]) | 9.54% [12.6]±1.98% [0.6] | 8.70% [11.3]±1.71% [0.1] | <0.002 |
| HbA1c >7.5% (>9.3 mmol/L) | 69 (89.6%) | 88 (76.5%) | 0.021 |