Comparison of Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Left- and Right-sided Endocarditis.
Comparison of Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Left- and Right-sided Endocarditis.
| Parameters | Right-sided Endocarditis
n=39 |
Left-sided Endocarditis
n=176 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean±SD | 48.1±18.9 | 61.8±17.0 | <0.001 |
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| Male sex, n (%) | 28 (71.8) | 104 (59.1) | 0.1 |
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| IV drug user, n (%) | 17 (43.6) | 7 (4.0) | <0.001 |
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| Endocarditis in the past, n (%) | 6 (15.4) | 5 (2.8) | 0.006 |
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| Cardiac pacemaker, n (%) | 8 (20.5) | 23 (13.1) | 0.3 |
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| Inflammatory reaction after cardiac device, prosthetic valve, and graft, n (%) | 6 (15.4) | 64 (36.4) | 0.01 |
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| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 6 (15.4) | 27 (15.3) | 1 |
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| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 7 (17.9) | 50 (28.4) | 0.2 |
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| Malignancy, n (%) | 8 (20.5) | 22 (12.5) | 0.5 |
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| Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 1 (2.6) | 20 (11.4) | 0.1 |
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| Connective tissue disease, n (%) | none | 6 (3.4) | 0.5 |
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| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 7 (17.9) | 3 (1.7) | <0.001 |
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| Cardiac arrhythmias, n (%) | 8 (20.8) | 68 (38.6) | 0.04 |
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| Rheumatic heart disease | 3 (7.7) | 33 (18.8) | 0.1 |
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| Rheumatoid factor (IU/mL), median (IQR) | 17 (11;68) | 35 (12;90) | 0.09 |
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| C-reactive protein (mg/L), median (IQR) | 17 (6;32) | 7.3 (4.7;11.5) | 0.008 |
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| C3 (mg%), median (IQR) | 116 (76;140) | 129 (105;146) | 0.4 |
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| C4 (mg%), median (IQR) | 26 (12;28) | 29 (23;35) | 0.09 |
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| Surgery, n (%) | 9 (23.1) | 47 (26.8) | 0.7 |
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| Type of Surgery | |||
| AVR, n (%) | none | 16 (9.1) | 0.04 |
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| MVR, n (%) | none | 17 (9.7) | 0.04 |
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| Pacemaker lead extraction, n (%) | 3 (7.7) | 7 (4.0) | 0.3 |
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| Pacemaker extraction, n (%) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (1.1) | 0.4 |
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| TVR/tricuspid valve excision, n (%) | 2 (5.1) | none | 0.03 |
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| Triple valve surgery (AVR+MVR+TVR), n (%) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0.3 |
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| Double valve surgery (AVR+MVR), n (%) | none | 3 (1.7) | 1 |
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| Double valve surgery (MVR+TVR), n (%) | none | 1 (0.6) | 1 |
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| Main Cause of Admission | |||
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| Fever, n (%) | 27 (69.2) | 115 (65.3) | 0.7 |
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| Chest pain, n (%) | 2 (5.1) | 4 (2.3) | 0.3 |
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| Heart failure, n (%) | 3 (7.7) | 12 (6.8) | 0.7 |
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| Weakness, anemia, n (%) | none | 9 (5.1) | 0.4 |
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| Stroke, n (%) | none | 7 (4.0) | 0.4 |
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| Abnormal echocardiography, n (%) | none | 7 (4.0) | 0.4 |
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| Infected pacemaker pocket, n (%) | 2 (5.1) | none | 0.03 |
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| Weight loss, n (%) | none | 4 (2.3) | 1 |
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| Cough and hemoptysis, n (%) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0.3 |
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| Other, n (%) | 4 (10.3) | 15 (8.5) | 0.8 |