| Risk Factor |
|---|
| Compromised cardiac function (e.g. borderline low LVEF [50% to 55%], history of myocardial infarction, ≥moderate valvular heart disease) at any time before or during treatment |
| Older age (≥60 years) at cancer treatment |
| Female gender |
| Multiple cardiovascular risk factors (≥two risk factors) |
| Concomitant agents: trastuzumab, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel |
| High-dose radiation therapy (≥30 Gy) where the heart is in the treatment field |
| Combination with alkylating or antimicrotubule chemotherapeutics |
| Young age (<5 years) at cancer treatment, especially girls
Renal failure |
| Genetic factors (trisomy 21, hereditary hemochromatosis, African-American ancestry) |