PubMed Central, : RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2020 July; 11(3): e0027. ISSN: 2076-9172Published online 2020 July 31. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10418.

Time	Name	Microbe	Death Toll
430 BC	The plague of Athens	Rickettsia spp? Salmonella enterica spp?	25% of population
165–180	Antonine plague	Smallpox? measles?	5M
541–542	Plague of Justinian	Yersinia pestis (Gram-negative bacteria)	30–50M
735–737	Japanese smallpox epidemic	Smallpox (DNA virus)	1M
1347–1351	Black death	Yersinia pestis	200M
1520-onward	New world smallpox	Variola (smallpox)	56M
1629–1631	Italian plague	Yersinia pestis	1M
1665–1666	Great plague of London	Yersinia pestis	100K
1800s^†	Yellow fever	Yellow fever (RNA virus)	100–150K
1817–1923	Cholera pandemics	Vibrio cholera (Gram-negative bacteria)	>1M
1885	Third plague	Yersinia pestis	12M
1889–1890	Russian flu	Influenza H2N2? (RNA virus)	1M
1918–1919	Spanish flu	Influenza H1N1	40–50M
1957–1958	Asian flu	Influenza H2N2	1.1M
1968–1970	Hong Kong flu	Influenza H3N2	1M
1981–present	AIDS	HIV (RNA virus)	25–35M
2002–2003	SARS	SARS-CoV-1 (RNA virus)	0.8K
2009–2010	Swine flu	Influenza H1N1	200K
2014–2016	Ebola	Ebola virus (RNA virus)	11K
2015–present	MERS	MERS-CoV (RNA virus)	0.8K
2019–present	COVID-19	SARS-CoV-2 (RNA virus)	>0.5M

^*Due to the lack of clear-cut definition of a pandemic, this table was compiled based on commonalities in multiple references.³²^–⁴⁴

^†There were more than 20 waves of Yellow fever in the 1800s; hence, a precise end-date cannot be given.

AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; BC, before Christ; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; flu, influenza; H1N1, hemagglutinin-1 neuraminidase-1; H2N2, hemagglutinin-2 neuraminidase-2; H3N2, hemagglutinin-3 neuraminidase-2; HIV, human immune deficiency virus; K, thousands; M, millions; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS CoV-1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1; SARS CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.