The Complex Adaptive System Involving Food Security and Individual and Communal Phenotypes Which Together Enabled the Development of Culture as Represented by Homo culturus.

The sociotype interacts with the genotype to produce the individual phenotype. The inputs from the sociotype (red) vary continuously by coping with cumulative life experiences (green), while that of the genotype is relatively fixed apart from variable epigenetic, gene regulatory effects and the impact of mate selection on future generations. Collective phenotypes and their experiences make up the community that is maintained by food security (blue), the dimensions of which interact with the three sociotype domains. The experiences of the individual phenotypes, as a whole (communal experiences), lead to the development of communal phenotypes, which are affected by and can affect food security and nutrition. Culture develops, and Homo culturus is sustained through the (healthy) feedback between communal phenotypes and food security and nutrition. The encompassing circle (blue border) represents the complex adaptive system required to sustain and analyze the actions and behaviors of Homo culturus.