Table 6.

Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Pulp Stone Development (Odds Ratios).

Variable Odds Ratio 95% CI P Value
Study Group
 Control Reference
 CVD 7.38 5.20–10.47 <0.001
 DM 4.18 2.91–5.99 <0.001
 CP 4.16 2.88–6.00 <0.001
Age (years)
 20–35 Reference
 36–50 2.65 1.95–3.58 <0.001
 >50 6.62 5.01–8.74 <0.001
Sex
 Female Reference
 Male 1.06 0.89–1.25 0.491
Jaw
 Mn Reference
 Mx 1.45 1.22–1.72 <0.001
Tooth Type
 Inc Reference
 C 1.25 0.89–1.76 0.190
 1st PM 1.37 0.98–1.92 0.060
 2nd PM 1.54 1.11–2.14 0.009
 1st M 2.34 1.72–3.17 <0.001
 2nd M 2.18 1.60–2.97 <0.001

C, canines; CP, chronic periodontitis; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; DM, diabetes mellitus; Inc, incisor; M, molar; Mn, mandible; Mx, maxilla; n, number; PM, premolar.

RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2025; 16(4): e0022. ISSN: 2076-9172
Published online 2025 October 31. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10557
Copyright © 2025 Hasan et al