PubMed Central, : RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2026; 17(1): e0005. ISSN: 2076-9172Published online 2026 January 28. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10571

Table 1.

List of ICI agents and incidence of ILICI.

Drug^ref	Incidence of ILICI^*
PD-1 inhibitor
Nivolumab²²,²⁶–³¹	2%–11%
Pembrolizumab³²–⁴²	0.7%–26.8%

PD-L1 inhibitor
Atezolizumab⁴³–⁵⁴	4%–35.9%
Durvalumab⁵⁵	2.1%
Avelumab⁵⁶–⁵⁸	3.3%–17.7%

CTLA-4 inhibitor
Ipilimumab⁵⁹–⁶²	3.8%–59.2%
Tremelimumab⁶³	6%

* Ranges reflect reported incidence across studies; definitions and regimens vary.

CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; ILICI, immune-mediated liver injury caused by immune checkpoint inhibitor; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1.

RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2026; 17(1): e0005. ISSN: 2076-9172

Published online 2026 January 28. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10571