PubMed Central, : RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2026; 17(2): e0013. ISSN: 2076-9172Published online 2026 April 26. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10573

Table 1.

Baseline Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population (n=147).

Characteristic	Low (n=46)	Normal (n=92)	High (n=9)	SMD Low vs Normal	SMD High vs Normal
Age (years)	74.8±11.66	69.1±12	68.6±11.25	0.48	−0.04
BMI	22.5±2.1	25.4±3.9	23.2±2.7	−0.85	−0.58
Pack-years	47.7±19.91	58.3±28.17	37.1±14.76	−0.41	−0.78
Years of COPD	12±1.97	11±2.3	9±2.1	0.46	−0.88
BODEx	3±1.1	3±1.2	2±1.1	0.00	−0.84
Gender (male)	37 (80.4%)	66 (71.7%)	9 (100%)	0.19	1.00
LTOT	21 (46.7%)	37 (40.2%)	0 (0%)	0.13	−1.14
Chronic heart failure	17 (37.8%)	20 (21.7%)	0 (0%)	0.38	−0.74
Hypertension	32 (68.9%)	50 (54.3%)	2 (22.2%)	0.30	−0.78
Chronic kidney disease	7 (15.6%)	8 (8.7%)	0 (0%)	0.28	−0.44
Diabetes	14 (31.1%)	25 (27.2%)	2 (22.2%)	0.09	−0.13
Dyslipidemia	19 (42.2%)	49 (53.3%)	3 (33.3%)	−0.22	−0.48
Obstructive sleep apnea	7 (15.6%)	16 (17.4%)	2 (22.2%)	−0.06	0.13

Values are expressed as means±SD or as numbers (%).

BMI, body mass index; BODEx, BMI, airway obstruction, dyspnea, and exacerbations; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LTOT, long-term oxygen therapy; SMD, standardized mean difference (low vs normal, high vs normal).

RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2026; 17(2): e0013. ISSN: 2076-9172

Published online 2026 April 26. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10573