Table 1.

Clinical Outcomes and Management Implications.

Clinical Presentation and Management Aspects Breast Cancer (Malignancy) IgG4-related Mastitis (IgG4-RM)
Initial presentation Firm mass, skin changes, lymphadenopathy Firm mass, skin thickening, lymphadenopathy (mimics cancer)
Definitive treatment Surgical excision (lumpectomy/ mastectomy), chemotherapy, radiation Systemic corticosteroids (prednisolone) to induce remission
Novel/alternative treatment Targeted therapy, immunotherapy Advanced immunosuppression (e.g. rituximab), or careful observation in stable cases
RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2026; 17(2): e0018. ISSN: 2076-9172
Published online 2026 April 26. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10578