Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Hepatitis, an Emerging Issue in Precision Cancer Therapy Era: A Narrative Literature Review

Randy Adiwinata, Caroline Tanadi, Fegita Beatrix Pajala, Kevin Tandarto, Maureen Miracle Stella, Jeffry Beta Tenggara, Ralph Girson Gunarsa, Paulus Simadibrata, Lianda Siregar, Saut Horas Hatoguan Nababan, Budiman Sujatmika Sulaiman, Irsan Hasan, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana, and Aru Wisaksono Sudoyo

Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has been increasingly used in the oncology treatment field. Although ICIs could help suppress cancer and improve survival rates, it could also lead to certain adverse events, including immune-mediated liver injury caused by ICIs (ILICI). The manifestation of ILICI ranged greatly from asymptomatic disease to liver failure and even death. In this review article, we will discuss the pathogenesis, manifestation, and clinical approach of ILICI.

Rambam Maimonides Med J 2026;17(1):e0005

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